Severe onset of newly diagnosed secondary immune thrombocytopenia in a 4-year-old patient as a complication of HHV-7 infection – A case report

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. Viral infections are one of the most common triggers, particularly in children. However, the role of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) in ITP pathogenesis has yet to be established. Here, we present the case of a previously healthy 4-year-old girl with severe hemorrhagic symptoms and a critically low platelet count of 2,000/µL. Additional laboratory tests confirmed an acute HHV-7 infection. Despite initial treatment with platelet transfusions and intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient's thrombocytopenia persisted, necessitating the introduction of glucocorticoids. The patient showed gradual clinical and hematological improvement, with complete resolution by day 19 of hospitalization. Other causes of secondary ITP, including malignancy and autoimmune diseases, were ruled out. This case suggests a possible association between HHV-7 infection and the onset of secondary ITP in children. The case underscores the importance of comprehensive viral diagnostics in pediatric patients with severe thrombocytopenia and emphasizes the need for further research on the role of HHV-7 in hematologic complications.