Abstract / Summary
Primary ovarian carcinoid is an extremely rare neoplasm, and its clinicopathological features remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotype, treatment, and prognosis of primary ovarian carcinoid. Seven cases of primary ovarian carcinoid diagnosed at Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital from 2014 to 2023 were retrospectively collected. Clinical data, microscopic morphological features, immunohistochemical phenotype, treatment, and prognosis were systematically analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed. Insular carcinoid was the most common histological type (5/7, 71.4%), and 4 cases were associated with ovarian cystic teratoma. All cases showed positive immunohistochemical staining for neuroendocrine markers. Six cases exhibited a low Ki‑67 proliferation index (≤ 3%) (range < 1%–3%), while one case (case 5) had a slightly higher index (5%) with cellular atypia. No tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed during postoperative follow‑up. Primary ovarian carcinoid is a rare ovarian tumor that often lacks specific clinical symptoms and is frequently accompanied by cystic teratoma. The prognosis is generally favorable after surgical resection. In our series, all patients were diagnosed at stage I and remained disease-free during follow-up, consistent with the favorable prognosis reported in the literature. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to evaluate the impact of clinical stage, histological type, and proliferative activity on long-term outcomes.