Abstract / Summary
Human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling (SS) is increasingly being advocated to improve the uptake of cervical cancer (CC) screening in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is a paucity of data comparing women’s perceptions on SS versus Healthcare provider (HCP) sampling in different community settings. This study examined the perceptions, and preferences on SS versus HCP sampling in peri-urban and urban communities. The study used a qualitative design of 10 focus group discussions (FGDs) among women in peri-urban and urban communities between August and November 2023. The participants watched a four-minutes HPV sampling educational video called the PRECISE-HPV video. Afterwards, participants’ perceptions of the sample collection methods were assessed. Following data collection phase, all audio recordings were transcribed verbatim, after which the transcripts were systematically coded and managed using MAXQDA Analytics Pro software. The coded data were then analysed using thematic analysis to identify, organise, and present key themes alongside a clear description of the main findings. Seventy-one (71) women participated in the FGDs (36 in the peri-urban area and 35 in the urban area). The women in the peri-urban area were more educated, and they were confident that both SS and HCP sampling would yield accurate results. Also, the peri-urban women preferred SS to save time due to their busy work schedules. In addition, they perceived that SS procedure was easier and less painful. In contrast, the urban women perceived that results from HCP sampling would be more accurate. This perception informed their choice for HCP sampling. This study reveals that SS is an acceptable method for collecting cervico-vaginal sample for CC screening particularly among educated women living in peri-urban settings. The study highlights the influence of environment and education on women’s behaviour towards health interventions. Hence, to drive up cervical cancer screening uptake, women should be allowed to choose their preferred method of sample collection. Also, the PRECISE-HPV video was a useful tool in educating women on the available sample collection methods.