Health-related quality of life in women with urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study

Urinary incontinence is a prevalent condition that significantly affects the physical, psychological, and social well-being of women. Despite its high prevalence, its impact on quality of life (QoL) remains insufficiently addressed, particularly in relation to clinical severity and sociodemographic factors. This study aimed to assess the quality of life of women with urinary incontinence and to identify key clinical and sociodemographic determinants influencing QoL. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 women diagnosed with urinary incontinence, treated at a urogynecological outpatient clinic in southeastern Poland. Data were collected using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire–Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF), along with an author-developed survey. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were applied. Associations were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Overall quality of life was moderate, with the highest scores observed in the social domain and the lowest in the physical domain. Greater severity of urinary incontinence, longer duration of symptoms, and greater interference with daily functioning were significantly associated with lower quality of life across all four domains (all p ≤ 0.002). Higher educational attainment was positively associated with quality of life in the psychological, social relationships, and environmental domains, but not in the physical domain. Quality of life in women with urinary incontinence is significantly influenced by both clinical severity and sociodemographic factors. Early diagnosis, targeted treatment, and improved health education may play a key role in reducing the burden of the condition and improving patient outcomes.