Abstract / Summary
Abstract Background With the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), an increasing number of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients present with DM comorbidity. Evidence suggests that PTB-DM comorbidity may reduce the success rate of anti-tuberculosis treatment. However, the epidemiological characteristics of prevalence and treatment outcomes of PTB-DM patients in southeastern China remain unclear, and relevant risk factors need further investigation. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System on PTB patients registered in Fujian Province, southeastern China, from 2020 to 2024. The epidemiology and treatment outcomes of PTB-DM patients were described. Trends were assessed using the Cochran-Armitage test. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the association between treatment outcomes and sociodemographic, diagnostic, and treatment-related characteristics among PTB-DM patients. Results From 2020 to 2024, among PTB patients registered in Fujian Province, the PTB-DM comorbidity rate was 9.7%, rising from 7.3% to 12.1%. PTB-DM comorbid patients were predominantly male, aged > 40 years, local residents, and industrial/agricultural workers or unemployed. Age > 40 years, pathogen-positive, and retreatment were associated with adverse treatment outcomes. Conclusion PTB-DM comorbidity is prevalent and rising in Fujian Province. PTB-DM patients aged > 40 years, or those with retreatment or pathogen-positive status, warrant more attention and enhanced management.