Effects of Individualized Periodized Combined Training on Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Cardiovascular Risk in Sedentary Middle-aged Colombian Women

Background

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death among women, with cardiometabolic risk increasing during the menopausal transition due to adverse changes in lipid metabolism, body fat distribution, vascular function, and systemic inflammation. Although combined exercise is recommended for cardiovascular prevention, evidence on individualized periodized exercise regulated through internal monitoring of training load remains scarce in sedentary Latin American women.