The paradox of health role model: Obesity prevalence and risk profiles in medical students – a comparative study between indonesian and global trends

Abstract Background and Aims Medical students are expected to become role models of cardiovascular health. However, a “Health Role Model Paradox” where high clinical literacy does not translate into healthy anthropometric profiles. Rising obesity among medical students is linked to unhealthy diets and reduced physical activity. This study compares obesity prevalence and lifestyle risks in Indonesian versus global cohorts. Methods A comparative systematic analysis synthesized data from a global meta-analysis of medical students (N=47,455) and a nationwide review of 29 Indonesian medical faculties. Key metrics included body mass index distribution, sex-based differences, and environmental risk drivers. Results Globally, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among medical students is approximately 24%. In contrast, Indonesian cohorts show a higher prevalence, averaging 35.5%, with some urban institutions reaching up to 58.6%. Male students are at greater risk, with a ratio of 2.4:1 compared to females. Contributing factors include high consumption of energy-dense processed foods, frequent breakfast skipping (OR 1.8), and sedentary behavior. More than 60% of students report over six hours of daily non-academic screen time. Additional risk factors in Indonesia include male sex, family history of obesity, and unhealthy eating patterns. Conclusion Indonesian medical students demonstrate a higher obesity-related cardiovascular risk burden compared to global averages, supporting the Health Role Model Paradox. Integrated strategies such as OBESIC (Obesity and CVD Risk Factor Research and Care) programs are needed to promote healthier lifestyles through education, research, and community-based interventions, anchored in the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi.Figure 1.(A) Comparison of the prevalence of excess weight among medical students (Global and Indonesian trends), (B) Comparison of the prevalence of excess weight in various institutions in Indonesia.