Factors associated with psychological well-being in type 2 diabetes patients: insights from a cross-sectional study

Awareness of factors related to psychological well-being can assist in designing suitable interventions. This study aimed to investigate factors related to the psychological well-being of patients with type 2 diabetes. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 on 305 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using sociodemographic and Ryff’s psychological well-being scale. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Participants were mostly female (57.7%), married (87.9%), and had under-diploma education (59%), with a mean age of 58.38 ± 12.23 years and a mean psychological well-being (PWB) score of 75.00 ± 9.25. Multiple linear regression showed that the under-49 group scored 9.238 points higher on PWB than the over-65 group ( P < 0.001), while the 50–64 group scored 5.367 points higher ( P < 0.001). Employment and retirement were associated with increases of 4.466 and 2.406 points, respectively, relative to unemployment ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.034). Having an addiction was linked to a 4.249-point increase ( P = 0.006), whereas emergency visit history in the past year and number of comorbidities were each associated with a significant decrease in PWB ( P = 0.005 and P = 0.003, respectively). Psychological well-being is associated with some sociodemographic factors, including age, the number of comorbidities, addiction, employment status, and emergency department visits. Designing interventions to enhance psychological well-being in specific demographic groups—such as older adults, individuals who have had at least one emergency visit, and those with more than four comorbidities—could help identify the most effective strategies.