Analysis of tomato bacterial wilt transmission dynamics with behavioral responses: A mathematical and optimal control approach

In this mathematical model-based study, the transmission mechanism of bacterial wilt in tomatoes is investigated. It determines the fundamental reproduction number, assesses the equilibrium between disease-free and endemic conditions, and evaluates stability on global and local scales. According to sensitivity and global sensitivity analyses, which identify the factors with the greatest effect on the number of reproductions, infection, and transition rates, these are the most important factors to control. Studies of bifurcation have shown that backward bifurcation conditions exist. This proves that the dynamics of disease persistence are much more complicated than we initially thought. The model shows that early intervention and management of soil bacteria can help stop the development of disease. Parameters like as cost, efficacy, and transmission influence the adoption of control measures for tomato wilt, according to behavioral responses dynamics are discussed. Several iterations of robustness and stability tests have been conducted using Lyapunov exponents and the basin of attraction. Through targeted environmental treatments and biological interventions, our results identify potential methods to reduce tomato bacterial wilt.