The transition from pre- to early pregnancy for women with type 2 diabetes – a qualitative study

Background Pregnant women with type 2 diabetes and their offspring face an increased risk of obstetric complications, necessitating major changes in diabetes self-care during pregnancy. These changes include the initiation of insulin therapy, frequent blood glucose monitoring, carbohydrate counting and regular hospital visits. For many women, this transition is challenging and emotionally demanding. To improve care and support during this vulnerable period, gaining a deeper understanding of these women’s experiences is essential. Aim To explore how women with type 2 diabetes experience the transition from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 pregnant women with type 2 diabetes in early pregnancy (gestational week 10-16) who received care in the Region of Southern Denmark between March and November 2023. The study used a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings Four main themes identified: 1) Being prepared for pregnancy and diabetes 2) Experiencing diabetes in a new way 3) A new everyday life 4) Adapting to life changes. The transition from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy involved significant changes related to diabetes self-care, everyday life and self-perception. How the women experienced these changes was shaped by whether they felt prepared for pregnancy with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion The transition to early pregnancy involves complex emotional and practical shifts in women with type 2 diabetes. These shifts involve seeing themselves, their lives and their disease in a new context and highlight the need for personalized support during this vulnerable period.