Impact of revisions to the standard food composition table to the estimated energy and nutrient intakes of the Japanese adult population: the 2018–2019 National Health and Nutrition Survey

National food composition databases underpin dietary assessment. This study assessed the influence of revisions to the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan (STFCJ) (from 7th to 8th revised editions) on population- and individual-level nutrient estimates. We analyzed one-day semi-weighed dietary records of 10,670 adults from the 2018–2019 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrient intake was calculated using both revised editions. Differences in mean energy, macronutrients, and dietary fiber intakes were examined alongside food group contributions. Compared to the 7th revised edition, use of the 8th revised edition resulted in significantly lower estimated daily intakes of energy (mean values: 1,930 vs 1,850 kcal; relative difference: -4.2%); protein (72.8 vs 63.4 g, -13.0%); fat (61.6 vs 58.7 g, -5.1%); and carbohydrates (251.5 vs 206.1 g, -18.0%), while dietary fiber increased (14.7 vs 21.4 g, +45.3%). Spearman's rank correlation coefficients of energy and nutrients were 0.9 or higher, except for dietary fiber. Grains contributed most to absolute energy intake changes. Summarily, the STFCJ revised editions significantly altered population-level nutrient intake estimates while the relative ranking of individuals was generally maintained. These findings highlight the importance of considering database versions when interpreting temporal trends, comparing studies, and evaluating diet–health associations.