Atrial Substrate and Electrogram Characterization in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and is associated with relevant clinical consequences [1]. Although timely rhythm-control strategies are critical, the electrophysiological characteristics of the left atrial (LA) substrate and intracardiac electrograms (EGMs) in HCM-related AF remain incompletely characterized [2]. Given the limited available evidence, this study was conceived as an exploratory, hypothesis-generating analysis aimed at describing and comparing LA substrate characteristics rather than testing definitive clinical outcome associations or comparing ablation efficacy between groups.