Guillain-Barré syndrome in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis, 2025

Introduction Guillain-Barré Syndrome is an autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness and paralysis, with a global incidence of 1.3 cases per 100,000 individuals, and its diagnosis, management, and pathophysiology are challenging due to clinical heterogeneity. Objectives This systematic review evaluates the clinical profiles, treatment outcomes, and mortality predictors of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Ethiopia. Review method and data sources The study employed a systematic review and meta-analysis design, drawing evidence from various electronic databases up to March 19, 2025. Data were extracted from March 1 to 10 and analyzed from March 10 to 19, with the report generation completed by March 19, 2025. Mortality was pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis of proportions. A meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 17 version software, with forest plots for visual representation. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I 2 statistic. The quality of the studies was assessed using validated tools. Results This systematic review and meta-analysis included eight studies comprising 728 patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome patients in Ethiopia. The pooled mortality rate was 13% (95% CI: 7% – 19%), with higher rates in patients requiring mechanical ventilation and those with autonomic dysfunction. This condition, characterized by muscle weakness, quadriparesis, cranial nerve involvement, and autonomic instability, often leads to severe complications, respiratory failure, and increased hospitalization and mortality. Early physiotherapy improves recovery despite frequent long-term disability. Conclusion The review highlights Ethiopia's high mortality rates and poor outcomes of Guillain-Barré Syndrome due to delayed hospital presentations, limited immunotherapy access, and inadequate critical care. Key predictors include respiratory failure, autonomic dysfunction, and comorbidities. Strengthening intensive care unit capacity, improving early diagnosis, and addressing healthcare barriers are crucial for recovery. Prospero registration number CRD420251006218.