An advanced hybrid automated insulin delivery system for insulin-dependent diabetes based on successive linearization model predictive control: The UniBE system

Background and objective: Hybrid automated insulin delivery (hAID) systems represent the most advanced therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Current systems rely on linear or linearized models of glucose homeostasis, which may compromise prediction accuracy and, in turn, timely decision-making by the controller. Physiological variability further complicates insulin requirements, underscoring the need for controllers that adapt dynamically and reduce user burden.