Multidisciplinary theoretical framework for the physics, biomedical response, and occupational mitigation of white phosphorus exposure in children: A cross-disciplinary integration of thermophysical modeling, medical toxicology, and therapeutic interventions

White phosphorus (WP) causes simultaneous thermal burns, inhalational toxicity, and long-term rehabilitation needs, making it an inherently multidisciplinary hazard that is particularly consequential for children. This study develops a focused quantitative-descriptive framework, centered on a paediatric population in the occupied Palestinian territory, that operationalizes a selected subset of governing thermophysical equations under explicit boundary conditions, links the outputs to biomedical benchmarks, and triangulates both against a translated 100-response local questionnaire completed by caregivers reporting on children. A reduced-order radiative model (Wien’s law, Stefan–Boltzmann relation, inverse-square spreading) and a benchmark-calibrated smoke dispersion model were implemented using T = 1773 K, ɛ = 0.85 , and National Research Council endpoint concentrations. Model outputs were compared against NIST burn-flux thresholds and CDC/NIOSH irritant-concentration benchmarks. Questionnaire findings (translated from Arabic aggregate charts) were triangulated against WHO, ATSDR, CDC/NIOSH, UNICEF, and published WP case reports using an explicit, pre-defined concordance scheme. The radiative model yielded an emissive power of 476.3 kW/m 2 and predicted burn-critical heat-flux thresholds within 0.62–2.90 m, depending on source area. The smoke model, C ( x ) = 7.03 × 1 0 4 x − 1.271 , predicted irritant concentrations above 3 mg/m 3 to 2.74 km. Questionnaire data (75% Gaza Strip; 87% postnatal exposure) showed burns (65%), eye irritation (49%), and respiratory compromise (44%) as dominant injuries, with 28% reporting combined physical and psychological effects — all directionally consistent with authoritative evidence, although self-reported injuries could not be causally attributed to WP. Together, these outputs provide a reproducible, bounded quantitative bridge between WP thermophysics, acute toxicology, and paediatric rehabilitation need.