Real-world hepatocellular carcinoma management and guideline adherence in the Netherlands: A 5-year multicentre prospective cohort study

Introduction and Objectives: Dutch guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are based on the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) guideline. With the emergence of novel therapies, this study aimed to describe real-world first-line treatment practices in the Netherlands and assess their alignment with the EASL 2018 and 2025 recommendations. Patients and Methods: Between 2019 and 2024, treatment-naive patients with HCC were prospectively enrolled across six Dutch tertiary referral centres as part of a cohort study paired with a biobank. Staging was in accordance with the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) 2022 classification.