Abstract / Summary
Arboviruses have remained a persistent public health challenge, with their impact intensified by climate change, globalization, and vector expansion. As of 2026, China faces evolving threats from mosquito-borne viruses, including Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), Japanese Encephalitis (JEV), and Chikungunya (CHIKV). This updated review synthesizes recent advancements in understanding human immune responses, pathogenesis, and vaccine development, with a particular focus on China’s unique epidemiological situation. We analyze clinical outcomes, identify key immune correlates of protection and disease enhancement, and systematically evaluate vaccine candidates from 2010 to 2026. Notably, the FDA-approved CHIKV vaccine Ixchiq represents a milestone, yet challenges remain for DENV and ZIKV immunization strategies. We discuss China’s evolving prevention strategies in the context of climate-driven vector expansion, cross-border transmission risks, and the critical lessons learned from the successful JEV vaccination program. This review identifies research gaps and proposes future directions, emphasizing the need for multivalent vaccines, improved diagnostics, and integrated surveillance systems.