Older Adults’ Perceived Barriers to Non-Joining Community-Based Cognitive Stimulation Programs: A Qualitative Study

Abstract Despite the growing availability of community-based cognitive interventions, relatively few older adults participate in such programs, and reasons for non-participation remain insufficiently understood. This qualitative study explored older adults’ perceived barriers to joining structured community-based cognitive stimulation programs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 community-dwelling older adults representing three participation profiles. Data were analyzed inductively using thematic analysis guided by Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework. Five themes were identified: (a) perceptions of cognitive decline and the need for intervention, (b) awareness and perceived effectiveness of cognitive interventions, (c) perceptions of program design and participation challenges, (d) social concerns, and (e) resistance to change and new challenges. The findings suggest that participation may be supported by clear information about program content and potential benefits, less school-like and evaluative formats, greater flexibility and accessibility, and attention to social comfort. Because the participant group was small, predominantly female, and locally recruited, the findings should be interpreted as context-specific. They may inform the design and communication of community-based cognitive stimulation programs.