Abstract / Summary
Abstract Introduction In anti‐synthetase syndrome (ASyS), long‐term immunosuppression often leads to severe infections, and the use of low‐dose interleukin (IL)‐2 has not been reported in this scenario. Case Description Here, we report a 60‐year‐old woman with ASyS who developed recurrent, refractory infections despite standard immunosuppressive and anti‐infective therapy. Immunophenotyping revealed marked lymphopenia, notably of regulatory T cells (Tregs). After adding low‐dose IL‐2, her fever resolved and symptoms improved. Tregs rose more than threefold, while natural killer (NK) cells and CD8 + T cells also recovered. Inflammatory markers declined, and no adverse events occurred. She remained infection‐free during 7 weeks of follow‐up after stopping IL‐2. Conclusion This case suggests that for patients with ASyS on conventional immunosuppression who develop refractory infections and Treg deficiency, low‐dose IL‐2 may help restore immune balance, in association with expansion of Tregs and recovery of anti‐infectious effector cells such as NK cells and CD8 + T cells.