What Do We Know About Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Nigeria? A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Alcohol consumption during pregnancy poses notable risks to maternal and foetal health, yet its prevalence and impact in Nigeria remain understudied. This narrative review aims to initiate conversations around the current state of alcohol intake by expectant mothers in Nigeria and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), while providing recommendations to address this public health issue. Methods Drawing on existing literature, we highlight the prevalence of alcohol intake by expectant mothers in Nigeria and explore the socio‐cultural factors influencing drinking behaviors during pregnancy. Further to this, we initiate discussions around the impact of maternal alcohol intake with respect to FASD. Results Despite limited empirical evidence, available studies suggest that alcohol consumption during pregnancy is not uncommon in Nigeria, although reported prevalence estimates vary across studies and settings. Alcohol use during pregnancy may be influenced by factors such as social norms, lack of awareness, and limited access to prenatal care and education. Conclusions Key recommendations include implementing public health campaigns to raise awareness concerning the dangers of alcohol use by expectant mothers, integrating alcohol screening and counseling into routine prenatal care services, strengthening regulations on alcohol advertising and availability, and providing support services for women struggling with alcohol use disorders during pregnancy. By addressing the gaps in knowledge and practice surrounding alcohol consumption during pregnancy, Nigeria can take meaningful steps towards promoting maternal and child health and preventing the lifelong consequences of FASD and related conditions.