Clinical effects of probiotic supplementation on depressive symptom severity in adults with depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Probiotic supplementation has been investigated as a potential adjunctive treatment for depressive disorders, but its clinical efficacy and safety remain uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on depressive symptom severity, clinical response, remission, treatment discontinuation, and adverse events in adults with clinically diagnosed depressive disorders.