Load and breath-hold: impact of 7-day creatine monohydrate loading on breath-hold exercise performance - a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Creatine supplementation enhances anaerobic energy availability and buffering capacity; however, its impact on muscle work under voluntary breath-hold (BH) remains unexplored. BH exercise increases reliance on anaerobic ATP production and creates a metabolic environment in which phosphocreatine-derived ATP may be particularly valuable. The aim of this study was to determine whether creatine monohydrate loading improves BH exercise performance in trained BH divers.