Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment Network to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Mechanisms to Clinical Translation

Background

Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment landscape for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet resistance mediated by the tumor microenvironment (TME) limits its efficacy in most patients. This review aims to synthesize the current understanding of the TME as an integrated network driving immunotherapy resistance and to evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming it.