COSMIN systematic review of stigma measurement in smoking, COPD, and lung cancer: content analysis, language audit, and psychometrics

Background

Stigma associated with smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer is prevalent and can cause distress and delayed treatment-seeking. Interventions to reduce stigma are becoming more widespread and a variety of stigma scales have been developed, but it is unknown how psychometrically sound and appropriately worded they are.

Purpose