Mapping Mutations and Signaling Network Interactions to Guide Precision Therapy in Gallbladder Cancer

Background

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a biologically complex malignancy arising from the epithelial lining of the gallbladder, with adenocarcinoma constituting the major histological subtype. Early detection is challenging because of vague clinical manifestations and the organ's deep-seated anatomical location, resulting in diagnosis at advanced stages and limited treatment options. Consequently, patients often experience poor prognosis with low 5-year survival rates. Clinical and translational studies have demonstrated marked biological heterogeneity in GBC, primarily driven by diverse molecular alterations that fuel tumor initiation and progression.