The role of external labor migration in the formation of the epidemiological situation with HIV infection in the samarkand region

This article is devoted to the analysis of the epidemiological impact of external labor migration from the Samarkand region on the dynamics and structure of HIV incidence for the period from 2010 to 2025. The study assesses the relationship between the volume of migration flows, countries of stay, and the structure of imported cases of infection. The article analyzes the key epidemiological paradox identified in the region: although the Russian Federation accounts for the majority of labor migrants, the largest proportion of detected cases of HIV infection was recorded among persons returning from the Republic of Turkey (43.0%) compared to Russia (34.0%) and Kazakhstan (20.0%) (r=0.99). In addition, the paper examines gender-specific features and vulnerabilities in the context of host countries: a pronounced feminization of HIV infection among migrants returning from Turkey, a predominance of men in the Kazakh direction, and a relatively balanced distribution with a slight predominance of men in Russia were revealed. The factors that determine these differences in the main migration countries emphasize the need to move from general screening to targeted, gender-sensitive prevention strategies and monitoring among labor migrants. An effective response to this challenge is critical not only to protect the health of migrants themselves, but also to ensure the epidemiological safety of the entire population, prevent new cases of infection, and stabilize the HIV situation as a whole.