Asociación de multimorbilidad, fragilidad y discapacidad funcional con la autopercepción de la salud en adultos mayores colombianos: un análisis de la encuesta SABE Colombia

Introduction. Self-rated health is a general marker of morbidity and mortality that may also be correlated with geriatric conditions.Objective. To assess the association of multimorbidity, frailty, and functional disability with self-rated health in older adults.Materials and methods. We used data from the SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento) Colombia 2015 survey, which included adults aged 60 years or more. We analyzed a subsample of 4474 participants and evaluated self-rated health (poor versus good), frailty, multimorbidity, and functional disability. We used multivariate logistic regression models to assess the association of the dependent variable (poor self-rated health) with frailty, multimorbidity, and functional disability combined as the main independent variables.Results. In the first model, poor self-rated health was significantly associated with frailty/functional disability (OR = 4.12; 95% CI: 3.00-5.66; p < 0.0001); in the second, with functional disability/multimorbidity (OR = 3.54; 95% CI: 2.73-4.58; p < 0.0001); in the third, with multimorbidity/frailty (OR = 3.15; 95% CI: 2.49-3.98; p < 0.0001), and in the fourth, with frailty/functional disability/multimorbidity (OR = 5.22; 95% CI: 3.41-7.99; p < 0.0001). This last model showed the highest association with poor self-rated health. Conclusion. Self-rated health, a subjective measure for older adults’ health status, was correlated with geriatric conditions such as multimorbidity, frailty, and functional disability.