Proteomic Profiling of Immune Cell Infiltration Reveals Prognostic Immune Subtypes in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) shows marked heterogeneity in its immune microenvironment, which may contribute to differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and clinical outcome. Although current LUAD classifications are largely based on genomic or transcriptomic features, immune subtypes defined directly from bulk proteomic data remain poorly characterized. Here, we used an immune-cell proteomic reference matrix to investigate proteome-defined immune states in LUAD and to identify prognostically relevant immune subtypes.