Nutrients
Associations of Serum Niacin and Nicotinamide with Child Behavior: A Longitudinal Study in China
Door Xinhan Zhang, Kuiqing Huang, Chen Liu en 5 anderen.
Inhoud in het Engels
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Nicotinic acid (NA; niacin) and nicotinamide (NAM) participate in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism, but pediatric evidence relating serum concentrations of these vitamers to behavioral-problem scores is limited.
Methods
We conducted an exploratory analysis of children assessed in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China, with serum NA and NAM concentrations recorded in 2021 and 2025 and caregiver-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) outcomes in 2025. Vitamin B3 was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). Internalizing, externalizing, and total-problem raw scores were the broadband outcomes; seven common raw subscales were exploratory outcomes. Multivariable linear models and three-knot restricted cubic splines (RCSs) were conducted to assess the associations between vitamin B3 and CBCL scores. Benjamini–Hochberg correction and exposure-by-sex interaction tests were used.