Sunflower Receptacle Extract Alleviates Acute Gouty Arthritis via HMGB1-TLR4-NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway

Background/Objectives: Acute gouty arthritis (AGA) is an auto-inflammatory disorder characterized by dysregulated innate immune activation and overactive NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inflammatory signaling. While adverse effects limit current therapies, the mechanism by which sunflower receptacle extract (SPE) alleviates gout remains unclear.