Effectiveness of physical, psychological, and alternative interventions for post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review

To evaluate supervised physical, psycho-logical, and alternative non-pharmacological interventions for improving patient-reported and objective functional outcomes in adults with post-COVID-19 condition.

Systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, APA PsycInfo, and Scopus were searched from 1 January 2020 to 29 January 2026. Eligible studies were supervised, face-to-face trials evaluating physical, psychological, or alternative non-pharmacological interventions against usual care, placebo/sham, or active comparators in adults with World Health Organization defined post-COVID-19 condition. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2. Due to clinical and methodological heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was performed.