Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS): a comprehensive review of mechanisms, clinical applications, and future directions

Purpose

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation, TaVNS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that has garnered significant attention. This article aims to summarize its mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and future challenges.