Nutrition in obesity: Modern approaches to dietary management and prevention of complications

Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension, and other metabolic disorders. Balanced nutrition plays an important role in the comprehensive management of obesity. This article discusses the fundamental principles of dietary therapy, the importance of energy balance, the roles of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and the selection of appropriate food products. Particular attention is paid to the development of sustainable eating habits, limiting foods with high energy density, and individualizing dietary recommendations. The importance of an integrated approach involving dietary modification, physical activity, and behavioral support is emphasized.