Hereditary hemolytic anemia in children. Hemoglobinopathy. Thalassemia, sickle cell anemia. Etiopathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment

This article reviews hereditary hemolytic anemia in children, focusing on thalassemia and sickle cell disease. It discusses their causes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, differential diagnosis, treatment, complications, and long-term management. It also highlights the importance of early diagnosis, genetic counselling, and multidisciplinary care to improve outcomes and quality of life in affected children.