Self-Perceived Stigma and Barriers to Testing and Treatment for Hepatitis C: A Mixed Method Study

Abstract Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains an important public health concern, particularly in rural populations where stigma, inadequate knowledge and difficulties in accessing healthcare may delay diagnosis and treatment. Understanding self-perceived stigma and barriers to HCV care is essential for improving engagement with treatment services.

Aims

To estimate the prevalence of self-perceived stigma among HCV-positive patients, identify barriers associated with HCV testing and treatment, and explore healthcare providers’ perspectives regarding these barriers. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based mixed-method study was conducted among 170 HCV-positive patients at the Hepatitis C Clinic/Medicine OPD of BPS Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat, Haryana, from August 2023 to November 2024. Consecutive sampling was used. Stigma was assessed using the 33-item Hepatitis C Virus Stigma Scale. The qualitative component included 4 FGDs and 8 IDIs involving patients and healthcare providers.