Reappraisal of sushrutokta twak sharir through histomorphological findings in dadru kustha

Twak Sharir is an important component of Ayurvedic anatomy. Sushruta describes seven layers of Twak and associates specific disorders with different levels. Dadru Kustha is characterized by circular, raised, pruritic and spreading lesions and has been clinically correlated with superficial dermatophytosis, particularly tinea corporis. A narrative literature-based analysis was undertaken using classical Ayurvedic texts, published scholarly interpretations and contemporary literature on skin histology, tinea corporis and dermatophyte-associated histopathological changes. Classical descriptions of the seven layers of Twak and Dadru were compared with documented epidermal, stratum corneum and superficial dermal findings. Sushruta describes Avabhasini, Lohita, Shweta, Tamra, Vedini, Rohini and Mamsadhara as seven successive layers of Twak.