Understanding of glaucoma in general perspective: A review article with special reference to adhimantha

Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by structural damage to the optic nerve head and corresponding visual field defects, often associated with raised intraocular pressure (IOP). It is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide and frequently remains asymptomatic until advanced stages, especially in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Modern ophthalmology recognizes glaucoma as a multifactorial disease in which IOP is the most important modifiable risk factor, although vascular, biomechanical, and neurodegenerative mechanisms also contribute to optic nerve damage. In Ayurveda, severe ocular diseases are described under Netra Roga, among which Adhimantha is considered a grave and potentially blinding disorder.