Uso de la metformina en el tratamiento de la diabetes gestacional

Gestational diabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycaemia during pregnancy and maternal and fetal repercussions. The study therefore aimed to analyse the efficacy, safety and tolerability of metformin in the treatment of gestational diabetes based on the available scientific evidence. A systematic review guided by PRISMA was conducted, with a sample of 20 studies from 2018 to 2025. Metformin achieves glycaemic control comparable to insulin, alone or combined, with less maternal weight gain, less neonatal hypoglycaemia and lower birth weight, although about half of patients require supplemental insulin; it crosses the placenta and is associated with higher childhood body mass index. It was concluded that it is a second-line alternative requiring long-term follow-up.