Endocrinología del embarazo

Pregnancy requires endocrine adaptations that support fetal growth, maintain gestation and prepare for labour and lactation. The study therefore aimed to analyse the main endocrine adaptations of pregnancy, their impact on maternal-fetal health, and strategies for prevention and early detection of their disturbances. A descriptive documentary review was conducted, with a sample of articles, reviews and guidelines published between 2012 and 2025. The placenta acts as a transient endocrine organ; physiological insulin resistance in the second and third trimesters prioritises glucose supply to the fetus; the thyroid axis increases thyroxine production; and obesity and gestational diabetes disrupt these adaptations with perinatal and intergenerational consequences. It was concluded that prenatal care should incorporate endocrine-metabolic surveillance.