Desafíos terapéuticos en la eliminación de la sífilis congénita: desensibilización y tratamiento oportuno

Congenital syphilis is preventable but persists because of the high vertical transmission of Treponema pallidum and late or incomplete treatment. The study therefore aimed to analyse the therapeutic challenges of syphilis in pregnancy, with emphasis on penicillin allergy management, adverse effects and the consequences of lack of treatment. A descriptive and analytical literature review was conducted from 2021 to 2025, with a sample of 16 publications. Timely benzathine penicillin G is the most effective intervention; most pregnant women with reported allergy tolerate penicillin after structured evaluation or desensitisation; and the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is infrequent and self-limiting. It was concluded that elimination depends on screening, penicillin and desensitisation.