Laparotomía frente a laparoscopia terapéutica en el trauma abdominal

Abdominal trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and, although laparotomy provides wide access for haemostasis, the laparoscopic approach has extended to haemodynamically stable patients. The study therefore aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of laparotomy and therapeutic laparoscopy in abdominal trauma in terms of morbidity, mortality, complications, operative time and hospital stay. A literature review was conducted in PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Elsevier and Google Scholar of studies published between 2019 and 2025, with a sample of 8 studies. Laparoscopy showed a morbidity of 7.1% to 7.7% versus 13.5% to 20% for laparotomy, almost no mortality, fewer surgical site infections, shorter stays and a conversion rate of 15% to 32%. It was concluded that laparoscopy is safe in selected stable patients.