Cambios histológicos del tejido pulmonar en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: revisión sistemática

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is characterised by progressive structural changes in the lung. The study therefore aimed to integrate and synthesise recent scientific evidence on the main histological changes in the lung tissue of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their relationship with disease severity. A PRISMA-guided systematic review was conducted in EBSCOhost, Dialnet, PubMed, Redalyc and Scopus, with a sample of 15 studies published between 2020 and 2026. Small airway remodelling and loss, alveolar destruction with elastin loss, persistent cellular inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodelling intensified with severity, and small airway disease preceded visible emphysema. It was concluded that these changes are markers of progression.