Bronquiolitis en pediatría: diagnóstico clínico y manejo actualizado basado en evidencia

Bronchiolitis is the main lower respiratory tract infection in infants and a frequent cause of paediatric hospitalisation during epidemic seasons. The study therefore aimed to analyse the scientific evidence on the diagnosis and updated management of bronchiolitis in children under two years of age. A qualitative systematic review was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and Scopus, with a sample of 24 studies published between 2020 and 2025, selected from 124 records. Respiratory syncytial virus was the predominant agent, diagnosis was clinical, supportive care with hydration, nasal suction and oxygen for hypoxaemia was the basis of management, and bronchodilators, corticosteroids and antibiotics showed no routine benefit. It was concluded that high-flow nasal cannula and passive or maternal immunisation strengthen the current approach.