Outcomes of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Therapy for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Kazakhstan

Background

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss among older adults. Although randomised controlled trials have demonstrated the robust efficacy of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy, real-world outcomes often differ markedly from trial findings. This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of anti-VEGF therapy in a clinical cohort of nAMD patients, including a subgroup that received adjunctive rescue photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin.