Neurotensin-Based Radioligands for NTS1R-Targeted Cancer Theranostics: Background, Current Status and Future Trends

Background/Objectives: The neurotensin subtype-1 receptor (NTS1R) is overexpressed in a number of human tumors, representing a valid biomolecular target for neurotensin-based radionuclide carriers. The latter are designed to deposit diagnostic–therapeutic radionuclides specifically on cancer lesions. This review summarizes research efforts toward the development, preclinical evaluation and first clinical outcomes of neurotensin-based radioligands in the diagnosis and therapy—radiotheranostics—of NTS1R-positive cancer.