Protective Effects of Serotonin, L-Carnitine, and Coenzyme Q10 on Human Sperm Cryopreservation: Functional and In Silico Evidence

Background

Sperm cryopreservation can impair sperm function through oxidative stress, membrane damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA fragmentation. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing a basal freezing medium with serotonin (5-HT), L-carnitine (L-C), and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on post-thaw human sperm quality and explored potential molecular interactions using molecular docking.