Artificial Intelligence in Eye Disease: A Systematic Review of Screening, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Treatment-Response Prediction, and Clinical Decision Support

Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is expanding eye care beyond image-based detection toward prognosis, treatment-response prediction, monitoring, triage, and clinician-facing decision support. We evaluated AI across eye-disease screening, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response, and decision support, emphasizing validation, explainability, and clinical readiness.

Methods

This PROSPERO-registered review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Six databases plus supplementary routes identified English-language literature published from 1 January 2015 through 10 August 2026. Included studies underwent design-mapped Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)/adapted-JBI item-level appraisal; heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis.