Journal of Clinical Medicine
Real-World Effectiveness, Documented Adverse Events, and Treatment Adherence of Semaglutide and Liraglutide in Omani Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study
Par Najwa Al Himali, Hanan Al-Habsi, Ahmed Al Mushrafi et 7 autres.
Contenu en anglais
Résumé
Background
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely used in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but comparative real-world evidence from the Middle East remains limited. We compared the effectiveness, documented adverse events, adherence and persistence of once-weekly semaglutide and once-daily liraglutide in Omani adults.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study of adults treated with semaglutide or liraglutide at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital between January 2024 and December 2025. The primary outcome was change in body mass index (BMI) at 3 and 6 months; change in body weight, percentage total body weight loss and the proportions achieving at least 5% and at least 10% weight loss. Because treatment indication and exposure differed markedly between groups, the primary comparison used propensity-score overlap weighting with additional covariate adjustment, implemented in a design-based general linear model. A mixed model for repeated measures supported the primary analysis and handled missing visits under a missing-at-random assumption, with a delta-adjusted pattern-mixture analysis used to test departures from that assumption. Persistence was analysed with Kaplan–Meier estimation and Cox regression adjusted for baseline covariates only. Secondary outcomes were corrected for multiplicity using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure. Analyses are labelled throughout as primary, prespecified secondary, or post hoc exploratory. No patient received semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly, the dose licenced for chronic weight management, due to unavailability during the study period.