Spatial Transcriptomics in Thyroid Cancer: A PRISMA-Style Systematic Review of Platforms, Architecture, and Clinical Applications

Background/Objectives: Thyroid cancer spans indolent differentiated tumors to lethal poorly differentiated and anaplastic carcinomas, and histopathology and molecular testing do not capture the spatial organization of tumor, stromal, and immune compartments that underlies invasion, dedifferentiation, and treatment resistance. Spatial transcriptomics profiles gene expression in situ. We systematically reviewed its platforms, applications, and findings in thyroid cancer.

Methods