Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarkers Associated with Chronic Subdural Hematoma Recurrence: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Background

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) recurs in 5–20% of patients despite surgical treatment, and readily accessible biomarkers associated with recurrence remain limited. This study evaluated perioperative hematological, biochemical, and metabolic biomarkers associated with CSDH recurrence, focusing on preoperative lactate and the lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR).